Sparrows - Family Overview

Sparrows are small, sturdy passerine birds most commonly associated with human settlements, farmland, and open landscapes. They belong to the family Passeridae and are known for their compact build, short conical bills adapted for seed-eating, and sociable behaviour. Many sparrow species live in close proximity to people, nesting in buildings, tree cavities, and other structures, while others inhabit grasslands, scrub, and semi-arid regions. Their adaptability has allowed some species to become widespread and abundant, though several are now experiencing population declines in parts of their range due to habitat change and urban pressures. Sparrows feed primarily on seeds and grains, but insects form an important part of their diet, especially during the breeding season when protein-rich food is required for chicks. They are often seen foraging in small groups and communicating with a variety of calls. Key characteristics of sparrows: - Small, robust birds with thick, conical bills - Strong association with open habitats and human environments - Omnivorous diet dominated by seeds and supplemented with insects - Social behaviour, often forming flocks outside the breeding season - Relatively simple but varied vocalisations India supports several sparrow species across different regions, from plains and agricultural landscapes to towns and villages. Their presence—or absence—can provide insights into environmental health and changing land-use patterns.